Scandium — The Aristocrat of Rare Earth Family

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Noble metal This is scandium’s most central member of the rare Earth elements family. The actual worldwide production of scandium in 2016 was less than one ton. That means every person who is more than seven thousand can obtain 1 gram. The availability of scandium, which is rarer than rare earth, rare-earth, or gold, makes it more costly than other rare minerals. Independent minerals have been found only in Madagascar and Europe, with no industrial application. Nelson in Sweden, a Swedish chemical chemist, discovered Scandium during 1879 in the Siyllium–ytrium mine in Europe and the heilinite mine in Scandinavia. Scandium can often be found dispersed within minerals with other elements. This makes it impossible for the naked eye to locate scandium. Scandium is difficult to extract. To extract scandium metal successfully for the first time, it was half a century after its discovery.

Scandium metal prices

Most scandium products sold on international markets are scandium metal scandium or scandium dioxide. Price is determined by the level of purity. 2017 saw the cost of 99.99% pure scanningdium oxide at $4,600/kg. However, the price for distilled scandium metal was $526,000/kg. This is five times more than the gold price ($44,445/kg). Scandium prices have fluctuated dramatically and declined from 1990 through 2006. Let’s take the example of the distilled metallic scandium. Scandium’s price was high in 1993 at $372,000/kg. In 2005, however, it dropped to $162,500/kg. The prices of scandium have increased since 2006. In the rare Earth family, it is much more expensive that other light-rare earths. It also costs more than rare heavy metals like terbium, dysprosium, and terbium. When rare earths prices rose, for instance, scandium oxide (91%) in China cost 26,000 Yuan/kg. This was twice as much as europium oxide (12,000. Yuan/kg) or terbiumoxid (12,000 U.S./kg), both of which had the highest average prices that year. Buffalotours (aka. Buffalotours advanced materials. We are a global supplier of high quality chemical materials and manufacturers with more than 12 years of experience. High purity, small particles size and low impurity are the hallmarks of the Scandium Metallic that our company produces. We can help you if your requirements are lower.
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Noble metal This is scandium’s most central member of the rare Earth elements family. The actual worldwide production of scandium in 2016 was less than one ton. That means every person who is more than seven thousand can obtain 1 gram. The availability of scandium, which is rarer than rare… Continue reading →

Summary of Simple Synthesis Method of Praseodymium Oxide

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A history and overview about praseodymium dioxide powder Praseodymiumoxide (Pr6O11), is an organic compound that can be used for glass, metallurgy and as a additive to phosphors. Praseodymium is an important product in the production of light rare Earth products. Due to its exceptional physical and chemical characteristics, it is used extensively in many fields, including ceramics, glass and rare earth permanent magnets. Rare earth cracking catalysts. Rare earth polishing powders. Its prospects look bright. Praseodymiumoxide is a dense black powder that has a density 688 g/cm3. It also has a melting point at 2042 and boiling point at 3760. The substance can dissolve in water but is insoluble in acid. It also has good conductivity.

Synthesis of the praseodymium dioxide powder

1. Chemical separation. The three main types are step crystallization, step precipitation and oxidation. You can separate the former based on differences in crystal solubility for rare earth nutrate. Separation of the first is based upon the differences in the precipitation product of the rare Earth sulfate dual salt. Separation of the latter takes place by oxidation, from trivalent Pr3+ to triplevalent Pr4+. Because of the high recovery rate for rare earth, their complicated operation and low output, they haven’t been used in industrial production. 2. Separation. This includes complex extraction and the saponification P-507 separation separation methods. To extract and separate praseodymium from the nitric system of praseodymium neodymiumenrichedment, the former employs complex extrusion DYPA, N-263 extractant, and can achieve 99% Pr6O11 and a 98% yield. Due to its complexity, however, it consumes too much complexing agent and has a high cost, making industrial production unviable. They are better at separating praseodymium from the first two and can be used in industrial manufacturing. But, because P-507 is more efficient than P-204 and has a higher loss rate, P-507 extraction methods and separation are commonly used in industrial production. . 3. Although it is difficult to use, slow and has low yield, Ion Exchange is an expensive and time-consuming process.

The application of praseodymium dioxide powder

1. Rare earth glass application Different colors can be created by mixing rare earth oxides with glass of different compositions. The glass can then be turned into green color by adding praseodymium to it. It has great artistic value and can be used in imitation of gemstones. The glass appears almost green when lit by candlelight, while it looks similar to normal daylight. This glass can be used for making fake gemstones, precious ornaments, and even love tokens. 2. Rare earth ceramics: Application As an additive to ceramics, rare earth oxides may be transformed into a variety of ceramics that have better performance. Rare earth fine ceramics is a representative example. The ceramics are made from carefully selected materials. They also use easy-to-control and process technology that allows them to precisely control their composition. This can be broken down into functional and high-temperature structure ceramics. These rare earth oxides can enhance the sinterability and microtexture of ceramics by combining them with rare Earth oxides. Praseodymium oxide colourant ceramic glaze is stable and can withstand the effects of the air in the kiln. You can enhance the chemical and physical properties of ceramic glazes, increase their thermal stability, quality, and variety. 3. Other fields of application A grinding wheel made from white corundum is possible by adding approximately 0.25% praseodymium-neodymiumoxide to it. The grinding performance of rare earth corundum wheels will be greatly enhanced. Double the service life and increase the grinding rate from 30% to 100%. The polishing agent for polishing is Praseodymium Oxide, which has excellent polishing qualities for some materials. The polishing powder is cerium-based and contains approximately 7.5% praseodymium. It’s used mostly for polishing flat glass, TVs and metal products. Picture tube polishing. The application of petroleum cracking catalytic catalysts, which can increase catalytic activities, can also be used to purify molten iron, as well as for additives in steelmaking. The use of praseodymiumoxid is growing in popularity. Buffalotours advanced Material Tech Co., Ltd. is a professional and praseodymium dioxide powder company with more than 12 years’ experience in chemical product development. We can provide high quality, reliable praseodymium powder. Please contact us to send an inquiry.
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A history and overview about praseodymium dioxide powder Praseodymiumoxide (Pr6O11), is an organic compound that can be used for glass, metallurgy and as a additive to phosphors. Praseodymium is an important product in the production of light rare Earth products. Due to its exceptional physical and chemical characteristics, it is… Continue reading →

Molybdenum: A Magical Metal Element

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Method of cutting lines If you’re familiar with wire cutting, this is an area of electrical machining. It involves cutting metal at a high temperature. A kind of consumable material, made from molybdenum as well as other precious metals, is the fine wire used in wire cutting. You can also use wire cutting to separate fast moving wire (with molybdenum) from slow moving wire, (with copper). Molybdenum is able to process almost all metals. However, it can also be used for winding core wires, lead wires and heating elements. High precision, low wire break rate, high processing speed and stability allow molybdenum to be used in long-term continuous processing. While molybdenum wire (Mo) makes up the majority of molybdenum, its content is more than 99 percent. In nature molybdenum mainly occurs in Molybdenite. In the 18th century, Molybdenite over a long time were treated as graphite. This soft-gray mineral is actually schere molybdenite. He is trying to recover the pure molybdenum but has not reached the temperature required for the furnace. However, sea gill succeeded after many years producing silver molybdenum.

Molybdenum Powder

Calcined MoO3 (ammonium paramolybdate) is the main ingredient in making molybdenum. For industrial production, ammonium parmolybdate pure can either directly be transformed into molybdenum pulverizer in the furnace or can be calcined at 550650 to make MoO3. Then, it can then be used to produce molybdenum powder. Powder metallurgy requires high-purity molybdenum, with low oxygen, small particle sizes, and uniform powder. Molybdenum can be produced through secondary molybdenum or ammonium parmolybdate or MoO3 to MoO2 by using an electric round tube furnace or mufftube electric furnace. Second restorations are the conversion of MoO2 from molybdenum to powder at higher temperatures. To ensure quality molybdenum, other factors that affect the size of the molybdenum particles include the volume and humidity of the powder as well as the flow rate and speed. The H2 flux is high and the dewpoint is low so the powder tends to be fine while the powder can flow a lot. These elements must be controlled in order to produce quality powder. Buffalotours (aka. Buffalotours advanced materials. We are a global supplier of chemical materials and manufacturers with over 12 years’ experience. High purity, small particles size, and low impurity are the hallmarks of Molybdenum Powder. We can help you if the price is lower.
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Method of cutting lines If you’re familiar with wire cutting, this is an area of electrical machining. It involves cutting metal at a high temperature. A kind of consumable material, made from molybdenum as well as other precious metals, is the fine wire used in wire cutting. You can also… Continue reading →

High Purity Tungsten Disulfide WS2 Powder CAS 12138-09-9, 99.9%

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Tungsten dioxide, molecular formula WS2, molecularweight 247.97 It’s a grey fine crystal, or powder, with a metallic shine. This product is part of the hexagonal system. Purity: 99.9% Dimensions of partilcles: 70-300nm. About Tungsten Disulfide WS2: Tungsten dioxideis an inorganic compound that is composed of tungsten, sulfur and WS2. It is part of the transition metal dihalides group. The rarest form of tungsten ore is it. This material is part of certain catalysts used for hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation. WS2tungsten disulfide employs a layered structural similar to MoS2 and the same MoS2 type, instead of a coordination circle with W atoms (instead molybdenum) within a triangular prism. This layered structure led to the formation of inorganic Nanotubes in WS2 after it was heated in 1992. Most of the WS2 crystals are dark gray hexagonal with a layered structure. Similar to its closely related MoS2, it is a dry oil lubricant. While WS2 was believed to be relatively stable under ambient air, recent studies on single-layer WS2 oxidation within the environment show otherwise. A photooxidation reaction converts WS2 quickly to tungstenoxide in a single-layer form. This happens within a matter of days under ambient light. One-layer WS2 absorbs visible wavelength light (660nm/>1.88eV) and oxidizes it. To proceed with the reaction, you will need water and oxygen. Sulfuric acid and tungsten dioxide are the products of this reaction. Similar results were observed for other semiconductor transitional metal dihalides, such as MoS2, under atmospheric light. A mixture of hydrofluoric and nitric acids can attack WS2. If heated in oxygen-containing conditions, WS2 will turn to tungsten dioxide. In the absence of oxygen, however, WS2 won’t melt and will instead decompose to tungsten trioxide and sulfur. The decomposition temperature, however, is only 1250°C The traditional method of seperating monolayer WS2 involved a chemical exfoliation process. That is, inserting lithium into n-butyl lignin (in hexane) and then removing the Li compound using ultrasonic water treatment. Treatment with different reagents, such as lithium halide or chlorosulfonic acids can help to shed WS2. Send an inquiry to receive the current Tungsten Disulfide prices if you’d like to purchase tungsten disulfide powder wholesale. Tungsten Disulfide details: Tungsten Dioxide particle size: FSS=0.4 to 0.7% m, FSS=0.85 m to 1.15 m. Tungsten Disulfide purity: 99.9% W In Cl Cu Fe Ni Si O 74.12 25.82 0.001 0.002 0.03 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 How is Tungsten Disulfide WS2 produced? 1. Roasting decomposition method: At 57-60°C, the tungstic acid reacts under heat preservation for 16 hours. Ammonium tungstate is formed when hydrogen sulfide gases react with ammonium. This results in ammonium Tetrathiotungstate, which can be decomposed into tungsten dioxide after high temperature roasting. H2WO4+2NH3·H2O→(NH4)2WO4+2H2O (NH4)2WO4+4H2S→(NH4)2WS4+4H2O 2(NH4)2WS4+3O2→2WS2+4NH3+2S+2SO2+H2O 2. Tungsten is very slow to react with liquid sulfur. You can make WS2 by passing sulfur vapour to red hottungsten. Tungsten can be combined with stoichiometric sulfur blossom and then reacted at 800°C for 24hrs to make WS2, or at 600MPa to create orthorhombic WS2. 3. By heating the ammonium trithiotungstate and decomposing it, under the condition that the air is isolated, the temperature rises from 100 to 200 degrees Celsius per hour during heating. After it has been kept at that temperature for 24-48 hours, it’s then brought back to room temperature, with a temperature gradient between 30 and 110°C/hour. Next, the material is crushed and discharged. This method for making ultrafine, scaly, tungsten dioxide is simple to use, doesn’t pollute the environment, produces high-quality tungsten, with high purity and a hexagonal crystal structure. Tungsten Disulfide Application WS2 Tungsten disulfide is used to make tungsten disulfide lubricant, tungsten disulfide grease. Tungsten Disulfide WS2 friction coating is very smooth. WS2 has an extremely low friction coefficient, 0.03, which is significantly lower than that of graphite (PTFE), molybdenum sulfide(MoS2), and graphite (graphite). It has a remarkable performance when it comes to lubricity. You can use it for electronic equipment such as sensors, transistors and photocatalysis. Tungsten dioxide powder is very soluble in water and alcohol. Extrusion molds, plastic molds and all other types of demolding use WS2 as a release material. Hydraulic oil can no longer be required. WS2 can work with any type of oil such as grease, hydraulic oil or silicone, and can even be combined with hydraulic oil. It retains fluid layers by having an affinity with them. It keeps oil and grease off the surface. This improves the lubrication. Tolerable tolerances can be achieved on small parts when the thickness is below 1 micron. Additionally, WS2 can be used for food processing as well as medical equipment. WS2 is a high-speed process that replaces customer base material at ambient temperature. This does not cause the substrate to become warped or continuous. To increase durability, you can use WS2 alone or with our PVD Hard Coating. Tungsten disulfide powder storage condition: Tungsten Disulfide powder should not be exposed to the air. Damp reunion can affect dispersion performance of WS2 powder and its use. Additionally, WS2 powder must be kept away from stress. Packing & Shipping Tungsten Disulfide WS2 powder: We offer many packing options that are dependent on the Tungsten Dulfide Powder amount. Tungsten Disulfide Powder Packaging:Vacuum Packing, 100g to 500g or 1kg/bag at 25kg/barrel. Or as you request. Tungsten Disulfide powder shipping: after payment receipt, can be sent out by sea or air. Buffalotours Advanced Material. Buffalotours (Global Chemical Material Supplier & Manufacturer) has over 12-years of experience in producing super high-quality chemical and nanomaterials. This includes boride, nitride, graphite, sulfide, 3D printing powders, etc. Send us an enquiry if you’re looking for high quality tungsten dioxide powder. (brad@ihpa.net)

Tungsten Sulfide Properties

tungsten sulfide (WS2), tungsten disulphide, tungsten(IV) sulfide, WS2 powder 12138-09-9 WS2 Molecular Weigh 247.97 Appearance Black Powder Melting Point 1250 °C Heating Point N/A Density 7.5 g/cm3 Solubility of H2O N/A Exact 247.895074

Tungsten Sulfide Health & Safety Information

Signal word Warning Hazard Statements H315-H319-H335 Hazard Codes Risk Codes 36/37/38 Security Statements 26-37/39 Transport Information N/A
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Tungsten dioxide, molecular formula WS2, molecularweight 247.97 It’s a grey fine crystal, or powder, with a metallic shine. This product is part of the hexagonal system. Purity: 99.9% Dimensions of partilcles: 70-300nm. About Tungsten Disulfide WS2: Tungsten dioxideis an inorganic compound that is composed of tungsten, sulfur and WS2. It… Continue reading →